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2025 Bird Flu

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H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation

What to Know

H5 bird flu is widespread in wild birds worldwide and is causing outbreaks in poultry and U.S. dairy cows, with several recent human cases reported in U.S. dairy and poultry workers.

While the current public health risk is low, the CDC is closely monitoring the situation and working with states to track people with animal exposures.

The CDC is also using its flu surveillance systems to monitor for H5 bird flu activity in people.

Massachusetts Update

For immediate release: 1/29/2025 — Massachusetts DPH Current Guidance

  • Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs
  • Division of Fisheries and Wildlife
  • Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources
  • Department of Public Health

State environmental and health officials have informed the public that Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus, which rarely infects humans, is suspected to be the cause of death in both wild and domestic birds in several Massachusetts municipalities.

The Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife), the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR), and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) are advising the public to avoid handling dead or sick birds or other animals and to report any suspected cases.

Since early 2022, Massachusetts has experienced recurring incidents of HPAI. In January 2025, an outbreak was suspected of causing the deaths of Canada geese, swans, and other birds in Plymouth. Preliminary positive cases have also been reported in other locations across the state.

Evidence suggests that HPAI is widespread in Massachusetts and may be present even in places where there has not yet been a confirmed positive case. State officials continue to work with partners to test suspected cases and collaborate with municipalities on safe disposal of dead birds.

Both wild and domesticated birds can become infected with HPAI. Raptors, waterfowl, and other aquatic birds are considered most at risk, although any bird species may be susceptible. Wild mammals, especially scavengers such as foxes, can also become infected.

Report Suspected Cases

Report Wild Birds

Report sick or deceased wild birds to MassWildlife if 5 or more birds are found in a single location, using the reporting form at Report Birds.

Report Domestic Birds

Report sick or dead poultry or other domestic birds by calling MDAR’s Division of Animal Health at (617) 626-1795 or by using the reporting form at Report Poultry.

Public Health Information

Humans are rarely infected with avian influenza viruses. People who have direct contact with animals infected with HPAI are at the greatest risk. Questions about the public health impact of HPAI can be directed to DPH’s Avian Influenza webpage or the Division of Epidemiology, available 24/7, at (617) 983-6800.